UK food supply chain insuffi­ciently prepared for crises

A crisis plan only provides assurance if it proves workable. That is precisely where the UK food supply chain falls short. The government relies heavily on businesses but gives them limited involvement in preparations. As a result, it remains unclear whether the approach will withstand severe disruptions. The UK National Audit Office (NAO) is therefore calling for closer cooperation and more rigorous practical testing.

Risks are increasing

Food is part of the UK’s critical national infrastructure. The supply chain includes agriculture, manufacturing, storage, distribution, wholesale, retail, and catering. Businesses are largely responsible for preparing their own operations for disruptions.

The supply chain continued operating during the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. In most cases, substantial government support was not required. However, Defra says potential disruptions are becoming more likely and severe. Extreme weather, cyberattacks, energy disruptions, and disease outbreaks pose significant risks.

Climate change is also increasing the likelihood of extreme weather. Disruptions can hinder business operations and raise costs for companies. Consumers could face higher prices, less choice, and difficulties accessing food.

Industry involvement remains limited

Defra expanded its food supply chain resilience team. The department is also focusing more closely on catastrophic events. According to the NAO, however, these preparations remain at an early stage.

Businesses had little input into Defra’s playbook for food supply disruptions. The industry was also largely excluded from national emergency exercises. The most recent national exercise took place in 2023.

The NAO recommends that Defra improve its engagement with businesses. The department should also test emergency plans with government and industry. In addition, Defra should review its legal powers during severe disruptions.

The report also points to approaches used in other countries and sectors. Defra should carefully weigh their potential costs and benefits. The resilience of domestic food production falls outside the scope of this study.

Nao.org.uk