More attention for microplastics in food

Microplastics are no longer a niche topic. They are increasingly appearing in discussions on food safety. Among consumers, but also in politics. At the same time, firm conclusions on potential health risks are still lacking. That is precisely why the European Parliament has asked EFSA to issue new scientific advice. The focus is on microplastics in food, water, and air.

What EFSA will examine

EFSA experts are reviewing the most recent scientific evidence. They will look at how microplastics enter the human body and which effects are described. The routes through which microplastics end up in food are also being examined, as well as how the associated risks are currently assessed.

A key element is exposure through diet. This will be reassessed based on recent scientific literature. EFSA’s advice is expected to be published by the end of 2027. It is intended to contribute to knowledge building in a research field still marked by uncertainty. With this advice, the European Parliament will receive an up-to-date overview of the current situation. Risk managers can use it when making future decisions on protecting consumers from exposure to microplastics via food.

Consumer concerns are growing

That microplastics are on consumers’ minds is reflected in EFSA’s own figures. According to EFSA’s special Eurobarometer on food safety from 2025, 63% of EU citizens are aware of microplastics in food. This represents an increase of eight percentage points compared with 2022.

In addition, 33% of respondents name microplastics as one of their most important food safety concerns. In several Member States, the topic is frequently mentioned. Public attention is therefore increasing, while the scientific basis is still evolving.

Earlier research and open questions

Over recent years, EFSA has published several documents on microplastics. The most recent publication is a literature review on micro- and nanoplastics released from food contact materials. It shows that microplastics can be released, however at much lower concentrations than some studies suggest. At the same time, clear gaps in the available data are identified, along with recommendations for further research.

The topic has also surfaced before. In 2021, EFSA organized its 25th scientific colloquium on micro- and nanoplastics in food. Once again, the lack of harmonized methods and coordinated international research was highlighted. A scientific statement from 2016 had already pointed to the same issues, particularly when assessing health risks.

Efsa.europa.eu