Column IJsbrand Velzeboer: The curious case of beans

Beans often require intensive processing to make them palatable and edible, such as defatting and starch modification. The risk of UPF (Ultra Processed Foods) is ever-present, but there are more hazards to consider.

I’m not referring to the flatulence commonly associated with beans and certain vegetables. That’s more a matter of individual microbiomes, as some people’s digestion of complex carbohydrates leads to gas production. Nor am I talking about nausea caused by lectins—protein-like substances in some raw legumes that thankfully become harmless when cooked.

No, the real danger lies with castor beans, the seeds of the castor oil plant, which bear a striking resemblance to regular beans. These seeds contain dangerous amounts of ricin, a substance listed among chemical weapons and sometimes used as a pesticide. Just ten castor beans are said to be enough to kill an adult. Not only is ricin highly toxic, but it’s also difficult to detect. While these "beans" are grown purely for decorative purposes, any responsible QA manager in the legume sector should factor this threat into their risk management strategies.

Though often considered “forgotten vegetables,” beans are essential for supplying amino acids typically found in animal proteins. Vegans who follow their diet diligently are well aware of this. Due to their lower biological value, they need to consume three to four times the amount of beans to meet the same essential amino acid intake. However, vegan-leaning trend followers and teenagers who dislike legumes or dairy are at risk of deficiencies, which could result in strange ailments later in life.

On the positive side, beans are not only a great source of protein but also fats, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber. They are generally affordable, have a long shelf life when dried, and boast a low glycemic index.

The most amusing bean has to be the black-eyed pea. Although largely unknown, this delicious legume can still be found in the US: a white bean with little black “eyes” that stare back at you from the plate. Wonders never cease—but stay far away from the castor bean!

IJsbrand Velzeboer

Food technologist
Scienta Nova