New Rules for Genetically Modified Plants

In an effort to enhance the sustainability and resilience of the food system, Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) have taken a stance on the Commission's proposal regarding New Genomic Techniques (NGT). The Committee on Environment, Public Health, and Food Safety voted 47 to 31, with 4 abstentions, adopting a position that advocates for differentiated regulations for various NGT plants.

Two Categories, Two Sets of Rules

MEPs endorse the proposal's division into two categories, each subject to distinct regulatory frameworks. NGT plants deemed equivalent to conventional ones (NGT 1 plants) would be exempt from GMO legislation requirements, while NGT 2 plants would adhere to adapted GMO frameworks.

NGT Plants in Organic Production

MEPs unanimously agree to maintain the prohibition of all NGT plants in organic production. The compatibility of these plants with organic farming warrants further assessment, and thus, their use remains restricted in this sector.

NGT 1 Plants Modifications

Regarding NGT 1 plants, MEPs have introduced amendments to the proposed rules. Changes include adjustments to the criteria for size and number of modifications required for a plant to be considered equivalent to conventional ones. MEPs advocate for the labeling of NGT seeds and the creation of a public online list featuring all NGT 1 plants.

NGT 2 Plants and GMO Legislation

For NGT 2 plants, MEPs support the retention of GMO legislation requirements, including mandatory product labeling. An accelerated risk assessment procedure is proposed to incentivize their adoption, emphasizing the importance of respecting the precautionary principle.

Patent Ban on NGT Plants

MEPs have amended the proposal to impose a comprehensive ban on patents for all NGT plants, plant material, genetic information, and associated process features. This measure aims to prevent legal uncertainties, increased costs, and dependency concerns for farmers and breeders. Additionally, MEPs call for a report by June 2025 on the impact of patents, along with a legislative proposal to update EU rules on intellectual property rights.

In response to the vote, rapporteur Jessica Polfjärd emphasized the proposal's significance in strengthening Europe's food safety sustainably. She anticipates swift negotiations with the Council to implement rules that embrace innovation.

Next Steps

The Parliament is set to adopt its mandate during the 5-8 February 2024 plenary session, marking the commencement of negotiations with EU member states. NGTs hold promise in revolutionizing agriculture, offering solutions for a more sustainable and resilient food system. The evolving landscape awaits the integration of innovative regulations that balance safety, innovation, and environmental concerns.

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