Future land use in Europe: Five key dilemmas for agriculture

On November 6, researchers from Wageningen University & Research (WUR) will present the annual Mansholt Lecture in Brussels, focusing on five critical dilemmas surrounding agriculture and food production in Europe. Climate and biodiversity play a central role in these issues, which aim to guide the best use of Europe’s scarce resources and land.

Dilemma 1: To what extent should the EU aim for self-sufficiency in food and biomass?

Europe faces the challenge of reducing its dependence on imported resources, such as fertilizers, energy, and animal feed. A possible approach involves cultivating more protein-rich crops and oilseeds within the EU. However, this shift would require significant choices, including limiting biomass for fuel and adjusting consumption patterns.

Dilemma 2: What role should livestock farming play in Europe?

The livestock sector provides valuable food and contributes to Europe’s traditional landscapes. However, a large livestock population also impacts the environment, climate, and biodiversity. Growing awareness of animal welfare has led to discussions about the ethical implications of livestock use for human consumption. A more focused livestock sector, using resources that don’t compete with human food needs, could help reduce ecological impact.

Dilemma 3: Should climate and nature goals be tailored to individual member states or set as shared targets across the EU?

The European Climate Law has set specific goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but questions remain as to whether each country should meet these individually or work toward a collective target. Carbon budgets could then be traded between member states. This dilemma is closely tied to agriculture and nature policy, given that biodiversity and natural resources vary widely across the EU.

Dilemma 4: At what scale can we combine food production with nature restoration?

There are multiple ways to integrate food and biomass production with nature and climate objectives. However, the EU’s ambitious goals for food security, biodiversity, and emissions reductions may lead to conflicting land use claims. The challenge is to find a balance that works both at the national and EU levels.

Dilemma 5: How far should we influence consumer behavior?

Consumer choices significantly impact climate, environment, and biodiversity. Shifting toward more sustainable consumption patterns is essential, yet there’s an ongoing debate about the degree of government intervention. While there is societal support for sustainable options, consumer freedom remains important. How far should we go in steering behavior?

The Mansholt Lecture highlights the need for a balanced approach, where policymakers acknowledge the interdependencies of these dilemmas. The solutions lie in a negotiation space that allows for multiple perspectives and a path where sustainability and equity work hand in hand.

Wur.nl